my name is grandy

Kamis, 17 Februari 2011

vocabulary around the house

Rooms in a House

• balcony

• bathroom

• bedroom

• dining room

• garage

• hall

• kitchen

• laundry

• living room

Things in a Bedroom

•larm a

• bed

• bedside table

• clock

• drawers

• dressing table

• lamp

• wardrobe, closet

Things in a Bathroom

• basin, sink

• bath

• mirror

• shower

• taps

• toilet

• towel rack

Things in a Kitchen

• bench

• cupboard

• dishwasher

• microwave

• oven, cooker

• pantry

• refrigerator, fridge

• sink

• stove, cooktop

• taps

Things in a Living Room

• arm chair

• bookcase

• chairs

• coffee table

• fan

• foot rest

• heater

• lounge, sofa, couch

• magazine rack

• recliner

• sound system

• table

• telephone, phone

• television stand

• television, TV

Things in a Dining Room

• chairs

• dining table

Things in a Study

• chair

• computer

• desk

• filing cabinet

• shelf

Things in a Laundry

• clothes maiden, drying rack

• dryer

• iron

• ironing board

• laundry basket

• pegs

• sink

• washing machine

• washing powder

Furniture

• armchair

• bed

• bookcase

• cabinet

• chair

• chest

• coffee table

• cupboard

• desk

• dining table

• drawers

• dressing table

• foot stool, foot rest

• lamp

• lounge, sofa, couch

• office chair

• sideboard, buffet

• stool

• TV stand

• wardrobe

Bills and Utilities

• council charges

• electricity

• gas

• insurance

• rent

• telephone

• water

An invitation letter serves the purpose of inviting a guest to a party, an event or a celebration while conveying more information than a traditional invitations card. It serves two purposes; one, to invite the individual to the event and two, to ensure that the person receiving the letter is going to attend.

There are two tenses used within the invitation letter, the present and the future. The present tense conveys information about the event and the future tense ensures the guest is going to attend.

Here's How:
1. Names of party hosts or sponsoring organization.
2. Type of event (birthday party, business networking meeting, etc.).
3. Place.
4. Date.
5. Time.
6. RSVP date and phone number.
7. Any special dress requirements from black-tie to bathing suits.
8. Rain date (if any).
9. Be specific about who is invited, whether address only, with guest, or with spouse and children.

Tips:
1. Always send written invitations for formal events such as business gatherings, formal dinners, and special occasions like showers, weddings or events honoring someone.
2. If guests are not from your local area, include a map to location of event.
3. Send anywhere from 8 - 2 weeks in advance depending on formality of occasion. Weddings require the longest lead-time; casual dinners and brunches require the least.
4. Offerins invitation
->Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening?
->Will you join us?
->Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
->Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow?
->I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week?
5. Accepting invitation
->Yes,I’d love very much.
->Thank you.
->Yes,with pleasure.
6. Reffusing
->If you don’t mind,i’d rather not.
->Thank you,i’m busy,may be next time.
->I have got another appointment.
->I’m sorry.
->I’ve lost to work to do.

EXAMPLE :
Invitation Verbal
Example:
We want to invite you to come to our house
Can you come to my restaurant?
Are you free tonight?
Accepting (menerima)
I like that
That sounds good
Thank you for inviting

Refusing(menolak)
I like that but I can’t
I’m very sorry for not able to come
Sorry, I’m very busy. Read more...

asking for information

Asking Information There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English.

The use of WH-Questions
What
When
Where
Why
Who
How

Combined with to be
What is ……. Your name?
When was ……. He born?
Where are ………. The tickets?
Why were …………. They here?
Who are ……….. Those people?
How is ……. Helen?

Combined with auxiliary verbs or Modals
What do …………
When did …………
Where shall ……..
Why does ……..
Who might ……
How could …….
etc

Asking for information:
I’d like to know about this novel
I’m interested in the characters
Could you tell me more about it?
Do you know the plot?
Could you find out the solution?
Could I ask about the conflict?
Do you happen to know the writer?
Etc.

Guessing:
I’d say … I know where to find the book
It could be … somewhere in the library
Perhaps it’s … on the top of the shelf
I think it’s … not there anymore
It looks like … someone has taken the book
It’s difficult to say, but I’d guess …
It’s being borrowed by a student

Here are some of the most common:
· Could you tell me…?
· Do you know…?
· Do you happen to know…?
· I’d like to know…
· Could you find out…?
· I’m interested in…
· I’m looking for...

These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:
· I’m calling to find out…
· I’m calling about…

Here are some sample phrases and sentences for asking information in English

1. What is this? This is a table
2. What is that? That is a chair.
3. What’s this? It’s a pen.
4. What’s that? It’s an apple.
5. What are these? These are pencils.
6. What are those? Those are books.
7. Where is Mr. King? He is over there.
8. Where is Ms. Knight? She’s (right) here.
9. Where’s Johnny? He’s in the house.
10. When’s the movie? It’s at 9:00.
11. When’s lunch? Lunch is at noon.
12. How is the food? It’s delicious.

Information about company

What does your company do?
What is your specialty?
What do you specialize in?
What is your main line of business?

Information about products

Could you give me some (more) information on this?
What can you tell me about this (product)?
Tell me about this one/model.

Information about Price

What are you asking for this?
What does this sell for?
How much is it?
How much does it run?

Direct & indirect speech

For example:
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
or
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.

INDIRECT SPEECH
indirect speech reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use question mark to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word. Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech
For example:
Direct speech :"I'm going to the cinema", he said.
Indirect speech : He said he was going to the cinema.

TENSE CHANGE
• When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
• Note : the reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentence are :Tell , other command , ask , warn , remind

Present simple
Past tense
direct : Vita said “ I eat fried rice”

indirect :Vita said that she ate fried rice.

Past simple

Past perfect

direct : Mother said “ I went to market yesterday”

indirect : Mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.

Future simple

Past future

direct : Dave said “ I will buy an i-pod next week’

indirect : Dave said (that) he would buy an i-pod the week after

Present continuous

Past continuous

direct : Gama said “ I’m playing football”

indirect : Gama said he was playing football

Past continuous

Past perfect continuous

direct : She said “ I was teaching earlier”

indirect : She said she had been teaching earlier

when we want to report what someone said , wedon’t usually repeat their exact words , we use our words , we can use reporting words
such as tell say as follow by “that clause”

example :
my mother said that she got up at 7 o’clock Read more...

preposition in, on, at

Prepositions are words that specify place, direction, and time. There are three types of prepositions : in , on , at.

Time Prepositions In - On - At
Time prepositions are used to clarity what time an event happened or will happen. Time prepositions are used nouns and pronouns. Prepositions usually come before nouns or pronouns. Prepositions never come before a verb.

We use at to designate specific times.The train is due at 12:15 p.m.

We use on to designate days and dates.
My brother is coming on Monday.
We're having a party on the Fourth of July.

We use in for nonspecific times during a day, a month, a season, or a year.
She likes to jog in the morning.
It's too cold in winter to run outside.
He started the job in 1971.
He's going to quit in August.

IMPORTANT: In English we say:

in the morning -because it is considered a period of time
in the afternoon
in the evening
at night -

Note: We say in the morning, in the afternoon, or in the evening BUT we say 'at night'

Example
bobo: When is the wedding?
bebe : It’s in June.
bobo : What day?
bebe : It’s on Saturday, the 25th.
bobo : What time?
bebe : It starts at 6:00.

Place Prepositions In - At - On
What are place prepositions?
Place prepositions , are prepositions that are used to describe the place or position of all types of nouns. It is common for the preposition to be placed before the noun. When we refer to Place prepositions we usually refer to "in", "at" and "on".

We use at for specific addresses.
Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.

We use on to designate names of streets, avenues, etc.
Her house is on Boretz Road.

And we use in for the names of land-areas (towns, counties, states, countries, and continents).
She lives in Durham.
Durham is in Windham County.
Windham County is in Connecticut.

IMPORTANT: In English we say:

on the island
in the city/country side
in the mountains - except when you mean that something or someone is physically on the mountain.
at the office

Example
faizal: Where’s your office?
hanna : In Taipei, Taiwan.
faizal : Really? What part of Taipei?
hanna : It’s on Chung Shan North Road.
faizal: I know that area. Where exactly is it?
hanna : It’s at 105 Chung Shan North Road, next to the bookstore.

Sample sentences
• I met my wife at the theater. (while watching a movie)
• I spilled my drink in the theater (on the floor of the building)
• She works at the library on Wednesdays.
• She found a rare coin in the library (building).
• Dr. Jones works at the hospital every day.
• John was in the hospital for a week with a broken leg. Read more...

noun phrases

Noun is a word that names a person, animal, place, thing, idea, or concept, or anything considered as noun

Remember that...

There are more nouns in the English Language than any other kind of words.
see the Noun examples

Persons: girl, boy, instructor, student, Mr. Smith, Peter, president
Animals: dog, cat, shark, hamster, fish, bear, flea
Places: gym, store, school, Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota, village, Europe
Things: computer, pen, notebook, mailbox, bush, tree, cornflakes
Ideas: liberty, panic, attention, knowledge, compassion, worship

The Functions of Nouns in Sentences

Subject of the sentence
Predicate Noun (also Predicate Nominative or Subjective Complement)
Appositive (noun in apposition)
Direct object of a verb
Indirect object of a verb
Object of the preposition
Object Complement (Objective Complement)

Gerunds can also be classified as noun

For example:
I like swimming
The word ‘swimming’
is a gerund

HOW DO WE identify noun phrases in the sentences?
GUYS,…

Today we are learning about NOUN PHRASES

WELL, LET’S SEE …

PHRASES
A phrase is a group of related words that lacks both a subject and a predicate. Because it lacks a subject and a predicate it cannot act as a sentence.

A noun phrase consists of a pronoun or noun with any associated modifiers, including adjectives, adjective phrases, and other nouns in the possessive case.
Like a noun, a noun phrase can act as a subject, as the object of a verb or verbal, as a subject or object complement, or as the object of a preposition, as in the following ...

Subject

Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves.

Object of a verb

They have found Eugene's goal.

Object of a preposition

The arctic explorers were caught unawares by the spring break up.

Subject complement

Frankenstein is the name of the scientist not the monster.

Object complement

I consider Loki my favourite cat.

finite verb

Definition of finite verb :
a verb that has a subject, this means that it can be the main verbs in a sentences. It shows tense (past/present, etc) or number (singular/plural), A finite verb makes an assertion or expresses a state of being and can stand by itself as the main verb of a sentence.

Example of finite verb :

I cook, she reads, Anto went

Dina has eaten when Ria come in, By itself, the verb form eaten is called a non-finite verb When the auxiliary has and the non-finite verb eaten are put together, they make up a finite verb form has eaten.

Tamara was walking. Walking is non-finite and was is to be. When they are put together, they make up finite form was walking

Definition of non-finite verb :
a verb has no subject, tense, or number. The only finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle (present/past), nonfinite verbs must ordinarily combine with a modal , an auxiliary verb, or the infinitival particle to.

Example of nonfinite verb

Verbs ending in -ing. These are called present participles, they were cooking in Sinta’s house.
This non-finite verb form end in -ed; many also end in en. These are called past participles. I have written my letter ( the past participle written is non-finite and can’t be the main verb).
Talking is the children’s favorite pastime. ( talking is a gerund, verb to be noun)
I can’t afford to go out tonight

The infinitive can have the following forms:

The perfect infinitive
to have + past participle

For example: to have broken, to have seen, to have saved.
This form is most commonly found in Type 3 conditional sentences, using the conditional perfect.

For example: